FPSC — Basic Computer MCQs This comprehensive compilation features Basic Computer questions collected from FPSC past papers spanning multiple years of FPSC exams. Ideal for CSS, PMS, PPSC, FPSC, and other competitive exam preparation in Pakistan. Ideal for CSS, PMS, PPSC, FPSC, and other competitive exam preparation in Pakistan. Authentic questions from actual FPSC exams Organized by subject for focused preparation Perfect for self-assessment and exam practice
Exam Type: FPSC | Questions: 530 | Marks: -
The first language of the Artificial Intelligence?
Options: A: Fortran, B: Cobel, C: IPL, D: Basic
Correct Answer: C
Father of Artificial Intelligence is _____?
Options: A: John McCarthy, B: Edison, C: Rasmus Lerdorf, D: Donald Michie
Correct Answer: A
Select the most appropriate setting for blind search.
Options: A: Uninformed Search, B: Breadth first Search, C: Small Search Space, D: Uniform cost search
Correct Answer: C
How many stages of the process is Artificial Intelligence?
Options: A: 2, B: 4, C: 5, D: 3
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is the standard language of Artificial Intelligence?
Options: A: PHP, B: Java, C: IPL, D: Fortran
Correct Answer: E
Which of the following areas can contribute to a clever system?
Options: A: Biology, B: Philosophy, C: Sociology, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following do not use artificial intelligence?
Options: A: Database Management System, B: Personalized Learning, C: AI-powered Assistants, D: Computer Vision
Correct Answer: A
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of ________________ that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions.
Options: A: Reboots intelligence in machines, B: Human intelligence in machines, C: Advance intelligence in machines, D: Auto intelligence in machines
Correct Answer: B
A subset of artificial intelligence is _________, which refers to the concept that computer programs can automatically learn from and adapt to new data without being assisted by humans.
Options: A: Human learning, B: Computer learning, C: Machine learning, D: Reboot learning
Correct Answer: C
_______ techniques enable automatic learning through the absorption of huge amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.
Options: A: Deep learning, B: Machine learning, C: Computer learning, D: Human learning
Correct Answer: A
The goals of artificial intelligence include ______________?
Options: A: Learning, B: Reasoning, C: perception, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in _______.
Options: A: Reboots, B: Machines, C: Computer, D: Human
Correct Answer: B
_______ often play a very important part in the structure of artificial intelligence, where simple are used in simple applications, while more complex ones help frame strong artificial intelligence.
Options: A: Programming, B: Computers, C: Algorithms, D: Structures
Correct Answer: C
Artificial intelligence can be divided into two different categories.
Options: A: Long terms and short terms, B: Basic and advance, C: Weak and strong, D: Week and Advance
Correct Answer: C
______ artificial intelligence involves a system designed to perform a specific task.
Options: A: Weak, B: Advance, C: Strong, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
________ artificial intelligence are systems that perform tasks that are considered human like.
Options: A: Week, B: Strong, C: Advance, D: All of above
Correct Answer: B
Research in AI has focused on the components of intelligence like _____________?
Options: A: Learning, B: Reasoning, C: Problem solving, D: Perception
Correct Answer: E
Rreasoning in AI is to draw inferences appropriate to the situation. Inferences are classified as _______________ ?
Options: A: Either inductive or deductive, B: Inductive, C: Deductive, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
Problem solving methods of AI can be divide into ________________?
Options: A: Private purpose, B: Special purpose , C: General purpose, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
___________ of problem solving in AI is tailor made for a particular problem and often exploits very specific features of the situation in which the problem is embedded.
Options: A: A general purpose method, B: A special purpose method, C: Both A & B, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
__________ seeks to replicate intelligence by analyzing cognition independent of the biological structure of the brain, in terms of the processing of symbols whence the symbolic label.
Options: A: The bottom up approach, B: The top down approach, C: Both A & B, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
______________ involves creating artificial neural networks in imitation of the brain’s structure whence the connectionist label.
Options: A: The bottom up approach, B: The top down approach, C: The first end approach, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
In the Fundamentals of Learning in ______, Edward Thorndike, a psychologist at Columbia University, New York City, first suggested that human learning consists of some unknown property of connections between neurons in the brain.
Options: A: 1928, B: 1935, C: 1932, D: 1923
Correct Answer: C
In ________ two vigorous advocates of symbolic AI Allen Newell and Herbert Simon summed up the top down approach in what they called the physical symbol system hypothesis.
Options: A: 1965, B: 1962, C: 1947, D: 1957
Correct Answer: D
During __________ the top down and bottom up approaches were pursued simultaneously, and both achieved noteworthy, if limited, results.
Options: A: 1940s and 50s, B: 1950s and 60s, C: 1980s and 90s, D: 1960s and 70s
Correct Answer: B
The term strong AI was introduced in ___________ by the philosopher John Searle of the University of California at Berkeley.
Options: A: 1984, B: 1972, C: 1968, D: 1975
Correct Answer: E
The earliest substantial work in the field of artificial intelligence was done in the mid 20th century by the British logician and computer pioneer __________ ?
Options: A: Edward Thorndike, B: Alan Mathison Turing, C: John Searle, D: Herbert Simon
Correct Answer: B
In ______ Turing described an abstract computing machine consisting of a limitless memory and a scanner that moves back and forth through the memory, symbol by symbol, reading what it finds and writing further symbols.
Options: A: 1933, B: 1929, C: 1945, D: 1939
Correct Answer: E
The earliest successful AI program was written in _______ by Christopher Strachey, later director of the Programming Research Group at the University of Oxford.
Options: A: 1955, B: 1945, C: 1951, D: 1957
Correct Answer: C
Researchers at the Institute for New Generation Computer Technology in Tokyo have used _______ as the basis for sophisticated logic programming languages known as fifth-generation languages.
Options: A: PROLOG, B: Fortran, C: IPL, D: APL
Correct Answer: A
Tense logic was invented in ___________ by the philosopher Arthur Prior at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Options: A: 1955, B: 1953, C: 1948, D: 1965
Correct Answer: B
An early success of the microworld approach was SHRDLU, written by ______ of MIT. Details of the program were published in 1972.
Options: A: Marvin Minsky, B: Seymour Papert, C: John McCarthy, D: Joseph Weizenbaum
Correct Answer: E
SHRDLU controlled a _______ arm that operated above a flat surface strewn with play blocks.
Options: A: Robot, B: Machine, C: Computer, D: Bothe B & C
Correct Answer: A
Artificial Intelligence is known as _________________.
Options: A: Gaming on computer, B: Programming with human Intelligence, C: Intelligent machine making, D: Software development with human intelligence
Correct Answer: C
Which one of the following is a search algorithm that requires less memory?
Options: A: Fibonacci Search, B: Interpolation Search, C: Jump Search, D: Linear Search
Correct Answer: E
Which of the following algorithm is suitable for small search space?
Options: A: Blind Search, B: Linear Search, C: Interpolation Search, D: Fibonacci Search
Correct Answer: A
Artificial Intelligence classified in _________ category processes.
Options: A: 2, B: 5, C: 4, D: 3
Correct Answer: D
For the simple reflex agent, which one of the following rule applied?
Options: A: simple agent rule, B: simple action rule, C: condition action rule, D: simple reflex rule
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following proposition symbols used in AI?
Options: A: null, B: true, C: false, D: both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following agent deals with unhappy and happy state?
Options: A: goal based AI agent, B: learning AI agent, C: utility based agent, D: All of above
Correct Answer: C
Artificial Intelligence have ____________ types of recognition?
Options: A: 5, B: 9, C: 7, D: 3
Correct Answer: D
When agent does not have the knowledge of State and actions is known as ___________?
Options: A: exploration problem, B: unidentified problem, C: undefined problem, D: none of above
Correct Answer: A
Which one of the following is not Artificial Intelligence approach?
Options: A: strong approach, B: weak approach, C: allied approach, D: applied approach
Correct Answer: C
MISD architecture also known as _____________?
Options: A: associate arrays, B: systolic arrays, C: undefined arrays, D: None of bove
Correct Answer: B
Alpha beta pruning applied on __________ maximum depth.
Options: A: 6, B: 10, C: 8, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In AI, resolution rule also known as ____________?
Options: A: reform, B: inference rule, C: reference rule, D: None of the above
Correct Answer: B
The state space search works in which of the following way to start problem?
Options: A: backward from the end state, B: forward from the start state, C: All of above, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
LISP machine also known as ______________?
Options: A: Automatic Reasoning tool, B: Microcomputers, C: Personal Computers, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
AI agent interacts with its environment by _____________ ?
Options: A: using sensors and perceivers, B: using sensors, C: using perceivers, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
Total number of observing environments are _________ in AI?
Options: A: 5, B: 3, C: 4, D: 1
Correct Answer: E
Exploratory Learning also known as _________________?
Options: A: Inform learning, B: Supervised learning, C: unsupervised learning, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
___________ number of levels defined in a knowledge based agent.
Options: A: 5, B: 4, C: 7, D: 3
Correct Answer: D
AI agent performs which one of the following task?
Options: A: perceiving, B: thinking, C: acting on the environment, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following best describes the primary objective of Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Options: A: To develop machines that can perform tasks traditionally requiring human cognitive abilities., B: To automate all manual labor, eliminating the need for human workers in industries., C: To create robots that perfectly replicate human physical appearance and movement., D: To build computers capable of processing data at speeds far exceeding human capacity.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The core objective of Artificial Intelligence is to enable machines to simulate and execute human-like cognitive functions such as learning, problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding language. While AI can lead to automation and faster processing, these are means to an end, not its fundamental goal. It focuses on intellectual tasks rather than purely physical replication or job displacement.
In the context of Artificial Intelligence, which learning paradigm involves an agent learning to make a sequence of decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving rewards or penalties for its actions?
Options: A: Supervised Learning, B: Unsupervised Learning, C: Reinforcement Learning, D: Transfer Learning
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where an agent learns optimal behaviors by performing actions in an environment and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. This trial-and-error process allows the agent to discover which sequences of actions maximize its cumulative reward over time, making it ideal for sequential decision-making problems like game playing or robotics.
Which of the following best defines Artificial Intelligence?
Options: A: The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines., B: A branch of computer science focused on database management., C: The study of natural language communication between humans., D: A programming paradigm for web development.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science dedicated to creating machines that can mimic cognitive functions associated with human minds, such as learning, problem-solving, understanding, and decision-making. Its primary goal is to enable computers to think and act intelligently, similar to humans.
Which subfield of Artificial Intelligence enables systems to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed?
Options: A: Robotics, B: Machine Learning, C: Expert Systems, D: Computer Graphics
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Machine Learning is a core subfield of AI where algorithms are trained on data to identify patterns, make predictions, or take decisions. This allows systems to learn and adapt over time without needing explicit, rule-based programming for every possible scenario.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of AI that deals with the interaction between computers and human language. Which of the following is a primary application of NLP?
Options: A: Creating realistic 3D models for games., B: Predicting stock market fluctuations based on numerical data., C: Enabling chatbots and virtual assistants to understand and generate human language., D: Designing complex circuit boards for electronic devices.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: NLP focuses on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. Key applications include language translation, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, and the development of conversational AI systems like chatbots and virtual assistants that can interact naturally with users.
In the context of Machine Learning, what is 'Reinforcement Learning' primarily concerned with?
Options: A: Learning from labeled datasets to classify or predict outcomes., B: Training agents to make sequences of decisions in an environment to maximize a cumulative reward., C: Discovering hidden patterns or structures in unlabeled data., D: Reducing the dimensionality of high-dimensional datasets.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Reinforcement Learning involves an agent learning optimal behavior through trial and error by interacting with an environment. The agent receives rewards for desirable actions and penalties for undesirable ones, aiming to maximize its cumulative reward over a series of interactions.
A significant ethical concern in AI development arises when AI systems exhibit unfair or discriminatory behavior due to biases present in their training data. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as:
Options: A: Algorithmic Transparency, B: Data Overfitting, C: Algorithmic Bias, D: Computational Complexity
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Algorithmic bias occurs when an AI system's decisions are systematically unfair or discriminatory towards certain groups. This often stems from biases embedded in the data used to train the AI, leading to skewed outcomes that can perpetuate or amplify existing societal inequalities and injustices.
What is the key distinction between 'Narrow AI' (Artificial Narrow Intelligence) and 'General AI' (Artificial General Intelligence)?
Options: A: Narrow AI uses supervised learning, while General AI uses unsupervised learning., B: Narrow AI performs specific tasks, whereas General AI possesses human-level cognitive abilities across various tasks., C: Narrow AI operates offline, while General AI requires constant internet connectivity., D: Narrow AI is rule-based, while General AI is entirely data-driven.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Narrow AI, also known as Weak AI, is designed and trained for a particular, specific task (e.g., facial recognition, playing chess). General AI, or Strong AI, aims to replicate human-level intelligence, capable of understanding, learning, and applying intelligence to any intellectual task that a human can perform.
Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Artificial Intelligence' for coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence' in 1956 and being a pioneer in the field?
Options: A: Alan Turing, B: Marvin Minsky, C: John McCarthy, D: Herbert A. Simon
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: John McCarthy is credited with coining the term 'Artificial Intelligence' in 1956 at the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the official birth of AI as a field. He made seminal contributions to AI research, including the development of the Lisp programming language.
Deep Learning is a specialized subset of Machine Learning that employs neural networks with multiple layers (deep neural networks) to learn complex patterns from data. What is a primary characteristic of Deep Learning models?
Options: A: They require minimal computational power., B: They are typically non-hierarchical in structure., C: They can automatically learn representations from raw data without manual feature engineering., D: They are exclusively used for symbolic reasoning tasks.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Deep Learning models, particularly deep neural networks, are known for their ability to automatically learn hierarchical features and representations directly from raw data. This capability significantly reduces or eliminates the need for extensive manual feature engineering, which is often a laborious process in traditional machine learning approaches.
In Machine Learning, what does 'overfitting' refer to?
Options: A: A model that is too simple and fails to capture the underlying patterns in the data., B: A model that performs exceptionally well on the training data but poorly on unseen, new data., C: A model that takes an excessively long time to train., D: A model that uses too many input features, leading to increased complexity.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Overfitting occurs when a machine learning model learns the training data too well, including its noise and random fluctuations, rather than the underlying general trend. This results in a model that performs very accurately on the data it was trained on but generalizes poorly to new, unseen data, indicating a lack of robustness.
How can Artificial Intelligence significantly contribute to improving public services and governance in a country like Pakistan?
Options: A: By replacing all human civil servants with AI robots., B: By automating routine administrative tasks, enhancing data analysis for policy-making, and improving service delivery efficiency., C: By exclusively focusing on military applications and defense systems., D: By eliminating the need for public participation in decision-making processes.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: AI can revolutionize public services by automating repetitive administrative tasks, thereby freeing up human resources for more complex issues. It can also analyze vast datasets to provide insights for evidence-based policy-making, improve resource allocation, and enhance the efficiency and accessibility of services like healthcare, education, and citizen portals.
The world's first active computer network was _________ for the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Options: A: SKYNET, B: ERNET, C: ARPANET, D: DARPANET
Correct Answer: C
Channel volume is shared by both communication resources in _______ transmission at all times.
Options: A: Half-duplex, B: Half-Simplex, C: Full-duplex, D: Simplex
Correct Answer: C
A _______ technology that connects equipment and people within a site in a small space
Options: A: LAN, B: WAN, C: MAN, D: WLAN
Correct Answer: A
HTTP stands for?
Options: A: Hypertext transfer program, B: Hypertext transfer protocol, C: Hypertext tracing protocol, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Computer Networking is the practice of transporting and exchanging data between _____ over a shared medium in an information system.
Options: A: Switch, B: Nodes, C: Routers, D: Systems
Correct Answer: B
Networking comprises not only the design, construction and use of a network, but also the management, maintenance and operation of the network _________________?
Options: A: Infrastructure, B: Software, C: Policies, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Computer networking enables ________ to be connected to each other on a LAN or WAN.
Options: A: Devices, B: Endpoints, C: Computers, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
___________ networking are primary types of computer networking.
Options: A: Wired, B: Wireless, C: Both A & B, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
The wire network requires the use of the ___________ mode of transport between the nodes.
Options: A: Physical, B: Logical, C: Wireless, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
A computer network is a set of __________ shared resources available or provided by network nodes.
Options: A: Devices, B: Computers, C: Routers, D: Gateways
Correct Answer: B
The computers use ____________ to communicate over digital communication with each other.
Options: A: Communication protocols, B: ARP protocols, C: DNS protocols, D: IMAP protocols
Correct Answer: A
Networking technology based on ____________ methods can be categorized into a variety of network typologies.
Options: A: Physically wired, B: Optical, C: Wireless radio frequency , D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
The nodes of a computer network include _________________________?
Options: A: Personal computers, B: Servers, C: Networking hardware, D: Other specialised or general purpose hosts.
Correct Answer: E
Computer networks may be classified by many criteria, including the transmission medium used to carry signals, bandwidth, communications protocols to organize ________________?.
Options: A: Network traffic, B: The network size, C: The topology, D: Traffic control mechanism
Correct Answer: E
Computer networks support many applications and services, such as _______________?
Options: A: Access to the World Wide Web, B: Digital video, C: Digital audio, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In the late ____________, a network of computers was built for the U.S. military Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar system using the Bell 101 modem.
Options: A: 1955s, B: 1950s, C: 1960s, D: 1940s
Correct Answer: B
The radar system built using the Bell 101 modem was the first commercial modem for computers, released by AT&T Corporation in ______________.
Options: A: 1958, B: 1955, C: 1952, D: 1960
Correct Answer: A
In _________, Christopher Strachey filed a patent application for time sharing and John McCarthy initiated the first project to implement time sharing of user programs at MIT.
Options: A: 1960, B: 1955, C: 1959, D: 1958
Correct Answer: C
In __________, the commercial airline reservation system semi-automatic business research environment (SABRE) went online with two connected mainframes.
Options: A: 1962, B: 1961, C: 1958, D: 1960
Correct Answer: D
Throughout the ____________, Paul Baran and Donald Davies independently developed the concept of packet switching to transfer information between computers over a network.
Options: A: 1960s, B: 1962s, C: 1950s, D: 1970s
Correct Answer: A
In ________________, Western Electric introduced the first widely used telephone switch that implemented computer control in the switching fabric.
Options: A: 1960, B: 1962, C: 1968, D: 1965
Correct Answer: D
Most modern computer networks use protocols based on ____________ transmission
Options: A: Packet mode, B: Data mode, C: Wireless mode, D: Wired mode
Correct Answer: A
Packets consist of two types of data __________________________ ?
Options: A: Control information and data information, B: Control information and user data, C: Control information and only data, D: Data information and user data
Correct Answer: B
The control information in network packets consist of ____________________ ?
Options: A: Source and destination network addresses,, B: Error detection codes, C: Sequencing information, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
The control information is found in packet ____________, with payload data in between
Options: A: Footer, B: Headers, C: Trailers, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
if one user is not sending packets in packets mode transmission, the link can be filled with ____________ from other users so that the cost can be shared.
Options: A: Packets, B: Data, C: Infomation, D: Payload
Correct Answer: A
In ____________ Network, all nodes are connected to a common medium along this medium.
Options: A: Star Network, B: Mash network, C: Bus network, D: Ring network
Correct Answer: C
In ___________ network, all nodes are connected to a special central node.
Options: A: Mesh network, B: Star network, C: Tree network, D: Bus network
Correct Answer: B
In _____________ network, each node is connected to its left and right neighbour node, such that all nodes are connected and that each node can reach each other node by traversing nodes left or rightwards.
Options: A: Mash network, B: Star Network, C: Bus network, D: Fully connected network
Correct Answer: E
In ____________ network, each node is connected to an arbitrary number of neighbours in such a way that there is at least one traversal from any node to any other.
Options: A: Mesh network, B: Tree network, C: Bus network, D: Ring network
Correct Answer: A
In ____________ network, each node is connected to every other node in the network.
Options: A: Bus network, B: Star Network, C: Fully connected network, D: Ring network
Correct Answer: C
In _____________ network, nodes are arranged hierarchically. This is the natural topology for a larger Ethernet network with multiple switches and without redundant meshing.
Options: A: Ring network, B: Tree network, C: Bus network, D: Mash network
Correct Answer: B
An __________ is a glass fiber. It carries pulses of light that represent data via lasers and optical amplifiers.
Options: A: Coaxial cable, B: Optical fiber, C: Twisted pair, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
_______________ contains 4 pairs of copper cable that can be used for both voice and data transmission.
Options: A: Coaxial cable, B: Twisted pair, C: Optical fiber, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
MMF stands for _____________ ?
Options: A: Multi moduls optical fiber , B: Many mode optical fiber , C: Multi models optical fiber , D: Multi mode optical fiber
Correct Answer: D
____________ communication uses Earth based transmitters and receivers resembling satellite dishes.
Options: A: Cellular networks, B: Terrestrial microwave, C: Free space optical , D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
______________ communication uses visible or invisible light for communications.
Options: A: Free space optical, B: Satellites, C: Terrestrial microwave, D: Cellular networks
Correct Answer: A
A ____________________ is computer hardware that connects the computer to the network media and has the ability to process low level network information.
Options: A: System interface controller, B: Device interface controller, C: Network interface controller, D: Router interface controller
Correct Answer: C
IEEE stands for __________________?
Options: A: Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers, B: Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, C: Information of Electronics and Electrical Engineers, D: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Correct Answer: D
A _________ is an electronic device that receives a network signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise and regenerates it.
Options: A: Router, B: Repeater, C: Switch, D: Bridge
Correct Answer: B
Repeaters work on the ____________ layer of the OSI model.
Options: A: Network, B: Data Link, C: Application, D: Network
Correct Answer: E
An Ethernet repeater with multiple ports is known as an Ethernet _________.
Options: A: Hub, B: Bridge, C: Modems, D: Firewalls
Correct Answer: A
A ______________ is a network device or software for controlling network security and access rules.
Options: A: Datadog Network Monitoring, B: Firewall, C: Protocol, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Intermediate nodes are usually network hardware devices such as _________________.
Options: A: Routers, B: Bridges, C: Gateways, D: Firewalls
Correct Answer: E
A _____________ is a computer network used for communication among computers and different information technological devices close to one person.
Options: A: Personal area network, B: Local area network, C: Home area network, D: Campus area network
Correct Answer: A
A _____________ is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.
Options: A: Personal area network, B: Wide area network, C: Local area network, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
A _______________ is an overlay network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network instead of by physical wires.
Options: A: Local private network, B: Virtual private network, C: Local area network, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
A set of networks that is control by a single administrative entity is know as?
Options: A: Intranet, B: Extranet, C: Internet, D: Darknet
Correct Answer: A
___________ is a network that is under the administrative control of one organization but supports a limited connection to a specific external network.
Options: A: Darknet, B: Extranet, C: Internet, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
___________ specifies the delay in moving bit of data between networks from one communication endpoint to another.
Options: A: Bandwidth, B: Quality of service, C: Network congestion, D: Network delay
Correct Answer: D
Intel stands for _______________ ?
Options: A: Integrated Telecommunication, B: Integrated Electronics, C: Intelligent Electronics, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
One worksheet contains _______ columns
Options: A: 128, B: 556, C: 32, D: 256
Correct Answer: D
In computer networking, G.W stands _________ ?
Options: A: Gate Way, B: Global Warming, C: Gaming Wizard, D: Generic Workstation
Correct Answer: A
Super Computer was created by ____________ ?
Options: A: Tim Burner Lee, B: Charles Babbage, C: J.H.Van Tassel, D: Robert Noyce
Correct Answer: C
CORBA stands for _______________ ?
Options: A: Common Object required Broker Architecture, B: Common Object Request Broker Architecture, C: Communication Object Request Bright Architecture, D: Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Correct Answer: B
URL stand for ______________ ?
Options: A: Universal Request Locator , B: Uniform Request Locator , C: Uniform Resource Locator , D: Universal Resource Locator
Correct Answer: E
RAM chip invented by ______________ ?
Options: A: Intel, B: IBM, C: Microsoft, D: ForgeRock
Correct Answer: A
A combination of 16 bits are called ______ ?
Options: A: Bit, B: Byte, C: KB, D: word
Correct Answer: D
1 mega byte equal to __________ ?
Options: A: 1024 bytes, B: 1048576 bits, C: 1048576 bytes, D: 10 KB
Correct Answer: C
1 kilo byte equals to _______________ ?
Options: A: 1024 bytes, B: 1024 bits, C: 10 words, D: 1 MB
Correct Answer: A
One terabyte is equal to ___________ ?
Options: A: 1 trillion bits, B: 1 trillion bytes, C: 4 trillion bytes, D: 2 trillion bytes
Correct Answer: B
The word computer virus was coined by __________ >
Options: A: J. Presper Eckert, B: John Mauchly, C: J.H.Van Tassel, D: Fred Cohen
Correct Answer: D
First computer virus was created in ___________ at Bell laboratories
Options: A: 1992, B: 1970, C: 1975, D: 1982
Correct Answer: B
WORM stands for ___________ ?
Options: A: Write Once Read More, B: Write Only Read Many, C: Write Once Read Many, D: Workshop on Ontologies Reasoning and Modularity
Correct Answer: C
Power of a super computer is measured in ______ ?
Options: A: Million instructions per second (MIPS), B: Floating Point Operations per Second (FLOPS), C: Instructions per second (IPS), D: Billion instructions per second (GIPS)
Correct Answer: B
Hypertext Transfer Protocol was created by ________ in 1992.
Options: A: J.H.Van Tassel, B: Fred Cohen, C: John Mauchly, D: Tim Burner Lee
Correct Answer: D
Information stored on disk as series of _______ on its shiny side.
Options: A: Bumps, B: Layers, C: Platter, D: Magnetic Field
Correct Answer: A
DVDs hold more information than CDs because of ________________ ?
Options: A: Smaller Bumps, B: Two Reflective Layers, C: Magnetic fields, D: Both A & B
Correct Answer: D
Recordable CDs do not have bumps. There are _____________ to change the reflected laser light
Options: A: Magnetic Fields, B: Patches of Color on Disk , C: Reflective Layers, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
The world’s first commercial computer was designed by __________________ ?
Options: A: J.H.Van Tassel, B: John Mauchly, C: J. Presper Eckert, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
The first electronic computer was built in ______________ ?
Options: A: 1940, B: 1946, C: 1970, D: 1958
Correct Answer: B
Mainframe was built in _______________ ?
Options: A: 1946, B: 1975, C: 1968, D: 1980
Correct Answer: C
First supercomputer the Cray-1 was developed in __________ ?
Options: A: 1946, B: 1968, C: 1672, D: 1982
Correct Answer: E
IBM PC built in ____________ ?
Options: A: 1976, B: 1981, C: 1998, D: 1968
Correct Answer: B
The Quantum Computer made by IBM in ___________?
Options: A: 1998, B: 1992, C: 1981, D: 1976
Correct Answer: A
Which computer uses parallel processing?
Options: A: IBM PC, B: Super computer, C: Quantum Computer, D: Commercial Computer
Correct Answer: B
Computer games were introduced in
Options: A: 1982, B: 1998, C: 1975, D: 1974
Correct Answer: D
PROM stands for ____________ ?
Options: A: Programming Read Only Memory, B: Programmable Read Only Memory, C: Programmable Read Once Memory, D: Programmable Random Only Memory
Correct Answer: B
What was the world’s first high level programming language?
Options: A: LISP, B: IPL, C: FORTRAN, D: Java
Correct Answer: C
A JPEG is a picture file format. what does JPEG stand for _____ ?
Options: A: Joint Photographic Experts Group, B: Join Photographic Experts Group, C: Joint Photography Experts Group, D: Joint Photographic Exports Group
Correct Answer: A
During World War-II, IBM built the computers the _________ used to manage their death camps.
Options: A: Commercial Computer, B: Nazis, C: Quantum Computer, D: Super Computer
Correct Answer: B
Which one is a temporary storage areas within the CPU.
Options: A: RAM, B: ROM, C: Cache, D: Registers
Correct Answer: D
First _______ computer was built in garage.
Options: A: apple, B: Quantum, C: Commercial, D: Super
Correct Answer: A
The language of small talk is ___________.
Options: A: Java, B: PHP, C: Python, D: object oriented
Correct Answer: D
________ is an operating environment.
Options: A: Documents, B: Images, C: Shell, D: Softwares
Correct Answer: C
Virtual memory is also known as _______.
Options: A: Random Access Memory, B: Read only Memory, C: Temparary Memory, D: Virtual Page
Correct Answer: D
_______ refer to operating systems for a network.
Options: A: Linux, B: Window Operating System, C: NOS, D: Unix
Correct Answer: C
In EBCDIC each character is denoted by ________.
Options: A: 8 bits, B: 8 bytes, C: 16 bits, D: 32 bytes
Correct Answer: A
______ are used in analog computer circuits as limiter
Options: A: Power Transistor, B: Circuit limiters, C: Power Limiters, D: Diodes
Correct Answer: D
GIGO stands for ________________?
Options: A: Gatway In Gatway Out, B: Graph In Graph Out, C: Garbage In Garbage Out, D: Garbage Inner Garbage Outer
Correct Answer: C
Application of flip-flap are counters by _______ ?
Options: A: Counter Register, B: Shift Register, C: Transfer Register, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
________ is associated with web designing
Options: A: PHP, B: Java, C: Bootstrap, D: Python
Correct Answer: C
FORTRAN stands for _____________?
Options: A: Formal Translator, B: Formula Translator, C: Formal Transister, D: Formula Transister
Correct Answer: B
A group of character that is termed as a single entity is called ________ ?
Options: A: Bit, B: Byte, C: Sentence, D: Word
Correct Answer: D
_______ is a computer prepared art.
Options: A: Chip Art, B: Clip Art, C: Fashion Art, D: Sculpture Art
Correct Answer: B
Mark sensing is another term for _________.
Options: A: OMR, B: AMR, C: ROM, D: Ram
Correct Answer: A
Authorization to make multiple software copies is called _______________?
Options: A: Computer Licensing, B: Soft Licensing, C: Site Licensing, D: Application Licensing
Correct Answer: C
Antivirus is also known as ______________?
Options: A: Reboots, B: Vaccines, C: Anti Malware, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: B
Free software is also known as _____________ .
Options: A: Public Software, B: Free Domain Software, C: Public Domain Software, D: Both A & B
Correct Answer: C
In computer DFD stands for ________.
Options: A: Date Flow Diagram, B: Dynamic Frequency Divider, C: Design For Development, D: Data Flow Diagram
Correct Answer: D
From the following, which one is called to Virtual world of the computer.
Options: A: Virtual Space, B: Cyber Space, C: Network Space, D: System Space
Correct Answer: B
What does the sun in SUN Microsystems stand for ___________ ?
Options: A: Stanford University Network, B: Standard University Network, C: Stanford Univsersal Network, D: Stanford Unique Network
Correct Answer: A
Each Computer have BIOS. What does BIOS stand for _______________ .
Options: A: Basic Input Output Support, B: Binary Interrupt Output Service, C: Built in Operating System, D: Basic Input Output System
Correct Answer: D
What is the common name for an integrated circuit?
Options: A: A Switch, B: A Chip, C: A Register, D: A Router
Correct Answer: B
WWW stands for __________ ?
Options: A: world wide web, B: world wide worm, C: world wide wildlife, D: wide web worm
Correct Answer: A
The first web browser publicly available?
Options: A: Chrome, B: Firefox, C: NCSA, D: Agora
Correct Answer: C
The world’s most powerful super computer is called _________ ?
Options: A: Dell Frontera , B: IBM Summit, C: Fugaku, D: Lenovo SuperMUC-NG
Correct Answer: C
World Wide Web was invented in ____________ by Tim Bareness Lee.
Options: A: 1995, B: 1993, C: 1981, D: 1975
Correct Answer: B
The B-programming language was developed by ____________.
Options: A: Ken Thompson, B: J. Presper Eckert , C: J.H.Van Tassel, D: Fred Cohen
Correct Answer: A
The 1st commercially produced and sold computer in __________ was UNIVAC.
Options: A: 1946, B: 1968, C: 1951, D: 1932
Correct Answer: C
The first microprocessor was developed in __________ by Intel.
Options: A: 1974, B: 1971, C: 1982, D: 1968
Correct Answer: B
A pentium 4 employs roughly ________ million transistors.
Options: A: 52, B: 32, C: 40, D: 24
Correct Answer: C
Which one was the initial desktop computers?
Options: A: Mark-1, B: Apple-1, C: Collossus, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Binary digits are briefed as _______.
Options: A: Bit, B: Byte, C: Word, D: KB
Correct Answer: A
A collection of bits is called __________.
Options: A: Word, B: Byte, C: Kilo Byte, D: Mega Byte
Correct Answer: B
The first home computer built in _______, which was sold in millions of units was Apple II
Options: A: 1992, B: 1982, C: 1977, D: 1975
Correct Answer: C
PARAM is a _____ computer.
Options: A: Mainframe, B: Quantum, C: Super, D: Gaming
Correct Answer: C
Father of the Computer is _____________ ?
Options: A: J.H.Van Tassel, B: Charles Babbage, C: John Mauchly, D: J. Presper Eckert
Correct Answer: B
What does CMOS stand for in a computer?
Options: A: Cargo Movement Operations System, B: Complimentary Metal Oxide Silicon, C: Comparison Mean Opinion Score, D: Complementary metal Oxide semi-conductor
Correct Answer: D
The term Computer is derived from__________?
Options: A: Arabic, B: German, C: French, D: Latin
Correct Answer: D
1 Gigabyte is equal to ____________?
Options: A: 1024 megabytes, B: 1032 megabytes, C: 1024 bits, D: 1024 kilobytes
Correct Answer: A
1024 gb is equal to ___________?
Options: A: 1 MB, B: 1 TB, C: 1 GB, D: 1 KB
Correct Answer: B
Computer programming is the process of performing a particular computation, usually by designing / building an executable computer ____________.
Options: A: Code, B: Program, C: File, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Programming involves tasks such as ________________________?
Options: A: Analysis, B: Generating algorithms, C: Profiling algorithms accuracy, D: Implementation of algorithms
Correct Answer: E
The source code of a program is written in one or more languages is directly executed by the ____________.
Options: A: Arithmetic and logic unit, B: Central processing unit, C: Main storage, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Tasks related to programming include __________________?
Options: A: Testing, B: Debugging, C: Source code maintenance, D: Implementation of build systems
Correct Answer: E
Reverse engineering is a process used by ___________ to understand and recreate / reimplement.
Options: A: Designers, B: Analysts, C: Programmers, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In ____________, the Arab engineer Al Jazari invented a programmable drum machine where a musical mechanical automaton could be made to play different rhythms and drum patterns, via pegs and cams.
Options: A: 1206, B: 1207, C: 1208, D: 1205
Correct Answer: A
In the _____________ Herman Hollerith invented the concept of storing data in machine-readable form.
Options: A: 1890s, B: 1870s, C: 1880s, D: 1860s
Correct Answer: C
The first compiler related tool, the A-0 System was developed in __________ by Grace Hopper.
Options: A: 1953, B: 1952, C: 1955, D: 1950
Correct Answer: B
__________, the first widely used high level language to have a functional implementation came out in 1957.
Options: A: COBOL, B: LISP, C: ALGOL, D: FORTRAN
Correct Answer: D
Algorithms are classified into orders by using _________________?
Options: A: Dirac notation, B: Tensor index notation, C: Big O notation, D: Z notation
Correct Answer: C
Reliability in a programming is known as ___________________?
Options: A: How many errors are there in a program., B: How well a program anticipates problems due to errors (not bugs)., C: How often the results of a program are correct., D: How program behave when it run.
Correct Answer: C
The range of computer hardware and operating system platforms on which the source code of a program can be compiled / interpreted and run is called _______________?
Options: A: Reliability, B: Usability, C: Robustness, D: Portability
Correct Answer: D
The ease with which a program can be modified by its present or future developers in order to make improvements or to customize, fix bugs and security holes, or adapt it to new environments called ____________ ?
Options: A: Portability, B: Maintainability, C: Performance, D: Efficiency
Correct Answer: B
The first step in most software development processes is _____________________.
Options: A: Requirements analysis, B: Software design, C: Testing, D: Integration
Correct Answer: A
One approach popular for requirements analysis is __________ analysis.
Options: A: UML, B: Business process modeling notation, C: Use Case, D: Role Activity Diagrams
Correct Answer: C
OOAD stands for ________________ ?
Options: A: Object Oriented Anolog and Digital, B: Object Oriented Analysis and Design, C: Object Oriented Analysis and Development, D: Object Oriented Analytic Design
Correct Answer: C
MDA stands for ______________ ?
Options: A: Model Driven Architecture, B: Model Driven Algorithm, C: Modern Driven Architecture, D: Modern Driven Algorithm
Correct Answer: A
UML stands for ____________ ?
Options: A: Universal Modeling Language, B: Uniform Modeling Language, C: Unified Modern Language, D: Universal Modern Language
Correct Answer: E
ER Modeling stand for ____________ ?
Options: A: Entity Regular Modeling, B: Element Relationship Modeling, C: Element Record Modeling, D: Entity Relationship Modeling
Correct Answer: D
Implementation techniques include _________________?
Options: A: Imperative languages, B: Functional languages, C: Logic languages, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
COBOL stand for ____________ ?
Options: A: Common Business Objective Language, B: Common Business Oriented Language, C: Common Object Business Oriented Language, D: Common Objective Business Language
Correct Answer: B
Different programming languages support different styles of programming called _______________.
Options: A: Program paradigms, B: Programming preference, C: Programming paradigms, D: Parallel processes
Correct Answer: C
A Programmer who writes code for system software is called ________________ ?
Options: A: Application programmer, B: Database programmer, C: Master Programmer, D: System programmer
Correct Answer: D
A programmer who write code with special instructions for a specific user is called ________________ ?
Options: A: Application Programmer, B: Designer, C: Debugger, D: Tester
Correct Answer: A
Wrapping of data and functions together as a single unit is known as _______________.
Options: A: Polymorphism, B: Encapsulation, C: Data abstraction, D: Dynamic binding
Correct Answer: B
A ________________ refers to the act of representing essential features without including the back ground details or explanation.
Options: A: Dynamic binding, B: Polymorphism, C: Encapsulation, D: Abstraction
Correct Answer: D
Ability to take more than one form is know as ________________.
Options: A: Polymorphism, B: Data abstraction, C: Encapsulation, D: Message passing
Correct Answer: A
________________ is the process by which one object can acquire the properties of another.
Options: A: Polymorphism, B: Inheritance, C: Message passing, D: Encapsulation
Correct Answer: B
_____________ means the code associated with a given procedure call in not known until the time of call at run time.
Options: A: Data abstraction, B: Message passing, C: Dynamic binding, D: Encapsulation
Correct Answer: C
A ____________ is a collection of data and functions that act or manipulate the data.
Options: A: class, B: object, C: function, D: data
Correct Answer: A
The data components of a class are know as ________________?
Options: A: class member, B: data members, C: functions member, D: objects member
Correct Answer: B
The function components of a class are called ________________.
Options: A: member class, B: member functions, C: member objects, D: data members
Correct Answer: B
_____________ is used to define a scope that could hold global identifiers
Options: A: Global scope, B: Data type, C: Identifier, D: Namespace
Correct Answer: D
A ______________ is used to indicate the type of data value stored in avariable.
Options: A: namespace, B: data type, C: identifier, D: scope
Correct Answer: B
Which one is not a data type in programming?
Options: A: loat point data type, B: void data type, C: integer data type, D: boolean data type
Correct Answer: E
_____________ integers use all 16 bits to store the magnitude.
Options: A: signed, B: Unsigned, C: undefined, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
A __________ data type occupies one byte of memory for storage of character.
Options: A: Integer, B: Float, C: Double, D: Character
Correct Answer: D
Floating point number represents a real number with 6 digits precision occupies _________ bytes of memory
Options: A: 4, B: 6, C: 3, D: 2
Correct Answer: A
Double floating point data type occupies 8 bytesof memory giving ________ digits of precision.
Options: A: 12, B: 6, C: 14, D: 4
Correct Answer: C
___________ is used to specify the return type of functions.
Options: A: Static, B: char, C: int, D: Void
Correct Answer: D
Examples of derived data types are ________________?
Options: A: Arrays, B: Pointer, C: References, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
The data types defined by the user are known as ________________?
Options: A: System defined data types, B: User defined data types, C: Defined data types, D: Undefined data types
Correct Answer: B
____________ refer to values that do not change during the execution of a program.
Options: A: Variable, B: Double, C: Constants, D: Float
Correct Answer: C
__________________ consists of set of digits, 0 to 9 and alphabets A, B, C, D, E, and F.
Options: A: Hexadecimal character, B: Hexadecimal integer, C: Double, D: Float
Correct Answer: B
The real number expressed in decimal notation or an integer notation called _____________.
Options: A: Octal integer, B: ASCII, C: Exponent, D: Mantissa
Correct Answer: D
An integer number with an optional plus (+) or minus (-) sign called _____________?
Options: A: Exponent, B: Mantissa, C: Octal integer, D: Variable
Correct Answer: A
ASCII stands for ___________?
Options: A: American Standard Code for International Interchange, B: American Sequence Code for Information Interchange, C: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, D: American Standard Collection for Information Interchange
Correct Answer: C
An __________ is a symbol which represents a particular operation that can be performed on data.
Options: A: operand, B: operator, C: expression, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
An expression is a sequence of ____________ that reduces to a single value.
Options: A: character, B: operands, C: operators, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
______________ are used to compare two quantities and depending on their relation to take certain decisions for that comparison.
Options: A: relational operators, B: arithmetic operators, C: expression, D: logical operators
Correct Answer: A
A piece of data is called logical if it conveys the idea of ____________.
Options: A: undefine, B: true, C: false, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
A _______________ is a shorthand notation for a simple assignment.
Options: A: simple assignment, B: compound assignment, C: complex assignment, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
PHP is an acronym for _______________ ?
Options: A: Hypertext Preprocessor, B: PHP Hypertext Preprocessor, C: Process Hypertext Preprocessor, D: Hypertext processor
Correct Answer: B
PHP is a _________ side scripting language.
Options: A: client, B: median, C: server, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
PHP is used to develop ________________ ?
Options: A: Static websites, B: Dynamic websites, C: Web applications, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
The client computers accessing the PHP scripts require a ____________ only.
Options: A: Web browser, B: Server, C: Desktop Application, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
A PHP file ends with the extension ______________.
Options: A: .txt, B: .dell, C: .exe, D: .php
Correct Answer: D
In programming, a script is a set of instructions that interpreted at ___________.
Options: A: debugging, B: runtime, C: executing, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf and appeared in the market in _______________.
Options: A: 1990, B: 1995, C: 1996, D: 1992
Correct Answer: B
In PHP, variable name starts with____________?
Options: A: $, B: &, C: !, D: #
Correct Answer: A
PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in _______________ .
Options: A: JavaScript, B: JQuery, C: HTML, D: CSS
Correct Answer: C
PHP is used to manage __________________.
Options: A: dynamic content, B: databases, C: session tracking, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
PHP determines the data types by analyzing the _________________ of data supplied.
Options: A: attributes, B: prefix, C: mentioned data type, D: content
Correct Answer: A
___________ is the name given to a memory location that stores data during runtime.
Options: A: attribute, B: global, C: scope, D: variable
Correct Answer: D
A Php ____________ variable is accessible to all the scripts in an application.
Options: A: local, B: Built-in, C: global, D: enclosed
Correct Answer: C
Which one is not correct about PHP variables rules?
Options: A: All variable names must start with the dollar sign, B: All variables names must start with a letter follow other number, C: Variable names are case sensitive, D: Variable names must not contain any spaces
Correct Answer: B
In PHP, single line comments start with ____________________ and they end in the same line.
Options: A: single forward slashes, B: double forward slashes, C: single slashes slash with star, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
The difference between include and include_once is ________________________.
Options: A: include_once only work for extract class, B: Include_once at file only for runtime and exclude file., C: Include_once is ignored by the PHP interpreter if the file to be included., D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
__________ is ignored if the required file has already been added by any of the four compilation statements.
Options: A: Require, B: Require_once, C: Include, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Which one is not true about include in php?
Options: A: Issues a warning when an error occurs, B: Execution of the script continues when an error occurs, C: Does not issue a warning, D: Execution of the script stops when an error occurs.
Correct Answer: E
Which one is not true about require in php?
Options: A: Does not issue a warning, B: Execution of the script stops when an error occurs., C: Execution of the script continues when an error occurs, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
An access key is a ______________ to a memory slot in an array variable.
Options: A: location, B: pointer, C: reference, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
The difference between associative array and numeric array is ________________.
Options: A: associative arrays use indexing, B: associative arrays use descriptive names for id keys., C: associative arrays use pointer, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
True or false values known as _____________ data type.
Options: A: Boolean, B: Integers, C: String, D: Foating Points
Correct Answer: A
The data types analyze by PHP using the attributes of _______ supplied.
Options: A: Symbols, B: Alphabets, C: Data, D: Variables
Correct Answer: C
To determine the maximum php value, ____________ constant is used for Integer.
Options: A: PHP_CONSTANT_MAX, B: PHP_FLOAT_MAX, C: PHP_MAX_NUMBER, D: PHP_INT_MAX
Correct Answer: D
Floating point number are also known as ________________.
Options: A: point numbers, B: double numbers, C: real numbers, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
A name use to allocate memory location that stores data at runtime is know as _____________?
Options: A: Data Location, B: Variable, C: Memory allocation, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Which one of the following is a correct rule for creating variables in PHP?
Options: A: var var_name, B: $var_name, C: Int var_name, D: $1var_name
Correct Answer: B
var_dump($var) function will generate which one of the following output?
Options: A: int(1), B: float(1.5), C: string(10) "I Love PHP", D: bool(true)
Correct Answer: E
Which operators of the following used in php?
Options: A: Arithmetic operators, B: Assignment Operators, C: Comparison operators, D: Logical operators
Correct Answer: E
In php, single line comments are start with ____________?
Options: A: */, B: //, C: /*, D: $
Correct Answer: B
include statement is use to include _____________ in php.
Options: A: other files into a PHP file, B: comments into php code, C: class, D: object
Correct Answer: A
The difference between include and include_once is __________________?
Options: A: Include_once only include class and object, B: Include_once only include variable and data, C: Include_once is ignored by the PHP interpreter if the file to be included. , D: Both a same
Correct Answer: C
The difference between include and require is ?
Options: A: Both have same functionality, B: include issues a warning when an error occurs, C: include execution of the script continues when an error occurs, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Which one of the following is a correct syntax for creating numeric array in php.
Options: A: $string[0] = 454, B: $var_name[n] = val, C: $var_name = array(n => val, …);, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Associative arrays use ________________ for id keys in php.
Options: A: descriptive names , B: integer, C: pointer names, D: auto generate value
Correct Answer: A
The is_array function is used to determine ___________________ ?
Options: A: a value exist in array or not, B: intersection between arrays, C: a variable is an array or not, D: union between arrays
Correct Answer: C
PHP stands for _____________?
Options: A: PHP Hypertext Processor, B: PHP Hypertext Processes, C: PHP hybrid Processor, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
In PHP comments,which of the following symbol used in shell method?
Options: A: //, B: /*, C: #, D: *
Correct Answer: C
Which of the following is a correct method to declared floating variable in PHP?
Options: A: Int var = 3.14159;, B: var (Int)= 3.14159;, C: Integer var = 3.14159;, D: $var = 3.14159;
Correct Answer: D
The PHP language is not compatible with __________________.
Options: A: constant variables, B: global variables, C: character variables, D: float variables
Correct Answer: B
PHP allows to access a variable using ___________ reference.
Options: A: direct, B: link, C: unlink, D: indirect
Correct Answer: D
The constructs that can use to manage PHP variables are _______________?
Options: A: isset(), B: unset(), C: empty(), D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Which one construct used to check whether PHP has declared a particular variable or not?
Options: A: unset(), B: isset(), C: empty(), D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Which construct used to check whether a variable exists or is set to false.
Options: A: empty(), B: unset(), C: isset(), D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
An array that contains environment variables is known as __________.
Options: A: $_GET[], B: $_POST[], C: $_ENV[], D: $_SERVER
Correct Answer: C
An array holds the values of web server variables are known as ______________.
Options: A: $_ENV[], B: $_GET[] -, C: $_POST[], D: $_SERVER
Correct Answer: D
The PHP language supports ___________ data types.
Options: A: five, B: eight, C: seven, D: nine
Correct Answer: B
____________ is used to add a newline character to codes.
Options: A: \$, B: \t, C: \n, D: \0
Correct Answer: C
Which of the following is used to add a tab character in PHP codes.
Options: A: \t, B: \n, C: \r, D: \x
Correct Answer: A
The data type that can only have one value is called ___________?
Options: A: Int, B: NULL, C: Float, D: Double
Correct Answer: B
A PHP variable that can’t alter if a once assigned its value is known as __________.
Options: A: int, B: abstract, C: constant, D: reference
Correct Answer: C
PHP supports which of the following operators?
Options: A: unary, B: binary, C: ternary, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following method is true about assignment operators?
Options: A: =, B: -=, C: /=, D: *=
Correct Answer: E
To concatenate two values in PHP, which of the following symbol used?
Options: A: dot, B: hash, C: plus, D: subtraction
Correct Answer: A
_____________ operators reverse the current value of its operand.
Options: A: Bitwise Operators, B: Logical Operators, C: Negation Operators, D: Decrement Operators
Correct Answer: C
A collection of programs that help programmers to develop and run Java programming applications efficiently.
Options: A: Java Environment, B: Java Platform, C: Java wrapper, D: Java extract
Correct Answer: B
Java is used for ________________.
Options: A: Android Applications, B: Enterprise Software, C: Scientific Computing Applications, D: Big Data Analytics
Correct Answer: E
The Java language was initially called ____________.
Options: A: OAK, B: AOK, C: Java Apllets, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
In _________, Sun changed the name from OAK to “Javaâ€.
Options: A: 1998, B: 1992, C: 1995, D: 1996
Correct Answer: C
The reason of wide used of Java _______________________ ?
Options: A: It is one of the easy-to-use programming languages to learn, B: Write code once and run it on almost any computing platform., C: It is designed for building object-oriented applications., D: It is created for the distributed environment of the Internet.
Correct Answer: E
A Java Programmer writes a program in a human-readable language called _________ Code.
Options: A: Machine, B: Source, C: System, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
The ____________ understand machine language or code.
Options: A: Android Applications, B: computers, C: chips, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
JDK stands for _______________ ?
Options: A: Java Development kit, B: Java Deploy kit, C: Java Development kilobyte, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
Objects in Java have ________________
Options: A: characters, B: states, C: behaviors, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Classes describes the __________of the object that object and its type supports.
Options: A: defination, B: behavior, C: state, D: statement
Correct Answer: E
A behavior of class are ____________ where the logics are written.
Options: A: objects, B: methods, C: abstracts, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
JVM in Java stand for ______________ ?
Options: A: JDK Virtual Machine, B: Java Virtual Machine, C: Java Virtual Model, D: Java Varient Model
Correct Answer: B
JVM Method Area in Java stores the classes structure like _______________________?
Options: A: metadata, B: the constant runtime pool, C: the code for methods, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
The ClassLoader in Java performs the major functions like ___________.
Options: A: Loading, B: Linking, C: Initialization, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Heap memory is used to store _______________ ?
Options: A: Objects, B: Instance variables, C: Arrays, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In Java, Java virtual machine instruction are store in __________ register which is currently executing.
Options: A: PC, B: Pointer, C: Address, D: executable
Correct Answer: A
Execution Engine in Java is used to test ____________?
Options: A: hardware, B: software, C: complete systems, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In __________ concept of OOP programming, object acheive the properties and behaviors of its parent object.
Options: A: Polymorphism, B: Abstraction, C: Inheritance, D: Encapsulation
Correct Answer: C
Which one is not a feature of Java programming?
Options: A: Object Oriented, B: Independent of the platform, C: Simple, D: Independent of Machine Architecture
Correct Answer: E
Programs written in Java are compiled into machine language but it is a machine language for a computer that doesn’t really exist is called ___________?
Options: A: Java byte code, B: virtual computer, C: virtual machine, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is a type of control structures in java?
Options: A: variables, B: pointers, C: loops, D: branches
Correct Answer: E
A sequence of instructions to be repeated over and over are known as ____________?
Options: A: variables, B: loops, C: branches, D: pointers
Correct Answer: B
____________ allow the computer to decide between two or more different courses of action by testing conditions that occur as the program is running.
Options: A: branches, B: looops, C: conditions, D: variables
Correct Answer: A
A ___________ consists of the instructions for performing some task, grouped together as a unit and given a name.
Options: A: Loop, B: Variable, C: subroutine, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
To solve a large problem, break the problem into several pieces and work on each piece separately to solve each piece, treat it as a new problem which can it self be broken down into smaller problems is known as ________ ?
Options: A: top down programming, B: bottom down programming, C: information hiding, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
Different objects can respond to the same message in different ways is known as _____________?
Options: A: class, B: object, C: polymorphism, D: GUI
Correct Answer: C
Objects that contain the same type of data and that respond to the same messages in the same way belong to the same _________.
Options: A: interface, B: class, C: function, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
AWT stands for?
Options: A: Abstract Windowing Tool, B: Abstract Window Tool, C: About Window Tool, D: Abstract Windowing Toolkit
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is a Java GUI component?
Options: A: applet, B: Swing, C: AWT, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following command will be use to display "Hello World!" in Java?
Options: A: echo "Hello World!", B: System.out.println("Hello World!"), C: print("Hello World!"), D: console.log("Hello World!")
Correct Answer: B
Single line comments are begin with which of the following symble in Java?
Options: A: #, B: // , C: /*, D: /*
Correct Answer: B
Reserved words in Java are _____________?
Options: A: class, B: public, C: static, D: if
Correct Answer: E
Which of the following type used for real numbers in Java.
Options: A: boolean, B: float, C: double, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
int corresponds to __________ bytes (32 bits) in Java.
Options: A: two, B: four, C: eight, D: sixteen
Correct Answer: B
Long corresponds to ____________ bytes (64 bits).
Options: A: eight, B: four, C: sixteen, D: two
Correct Answer: A
Which of the following leads to security and portability of Java?
Options: A: Exception Handling, B: Dynamic Binding , C: Bytecode execution by JVM, D: applet
Correct Answer: C
Total primitive data types in Java are?
Options: A: 4, B: 8, C: 16, D: 2
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following is a valid statement?
Options: A: char[] ch = new char[5], B: char[] ch = new char(5), C: char[] ch = new char(), D: char ch[] = new char(5)
Correct Answer: A
Which of the following statement is wrong about Java programming?
Options: A: Java supports signed char, B: Java supports signed integers, C: Java does not support signed integers, D: Java does not support signed char
Correct Answer: E
Method received ______________ when an array pass to it.
Options: A: reference, B: length, C: array, D: array data
Correct Answer: A
Which of the following statement is valid to declare and initialize an integer array.
Options: A: int arr[] = {1, 2, 3}, B: int[] arr = {1, 2, 3}, C: int[] arr = [1, 2, 3], D: int arr[] = [1, 2, 3]
Correct Answer: B
Java does not support which of the following feature?
Options: A: OOP, B: Use of pointers, C: Dynamic, D: All of above
Correct Answer: B
Arrays are __________ in java.
Options: A: Reference, B: Data Type, C: Object Reference, D: Objects
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is not a Data Type in Java?
Options: A: long, B: bool, C: int, D: double
Correct Answer: B
What is the size of a short int in Java?
Options: A: 4 bytes, B: 2 bytes, C: 1 byte, D: 8 bytes
Correct Answer: B
Character encoding standard used in Java is a __________?
Options: A: Unicode, B: Bytecode, C: Exacode, D: Hexacode
Correct Answer: A
String class belongs to _______ in Java.
Options: A: java.string, B: java.applet, C: java.awt, D: java.lang
Correct Answer: D
String class has ___________ constructors.
Options: A: 12, B: 13, C: 14, D: 8
Correct Answer: B
The getClass() method of the Object class returns the runtime __________ of this object
Options: A: function, B: data, C: class, D: object
Correct Answer: C
which of the following classes do not have name?
Options: A: Anonymous inner classes , B: Local classes, C: Interfaces, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
Ttype of method that does not return any value is known as __________?
Options: A: int, B: double, C: void, D: char
Correct Answer: C
A package that contains the Random class is called?
Options: A: java.awt package, B: java.util package, C: java.io package, D: java.lang package
Correct Answer: B
A modifier which cannot be used for constructor is known as _____________.
Options: A: private, B: public, C: static, D: protected
Correct Answer: C
The C++ is a _______ programming language that object oriented and generic programming.
Options: A: statically typed, B: compiled, C: general purpose, D: case sensitive
Correct Answer: E
C++ is a _____________ language.
Options: A: middle level, B: hight level, C: low level, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in ______________ at Bell Labs in Murray Hill.
Options: A: 1970, B: 1979, C: 1975, D: 1972
Correct Answer: B
C++ supports object oriented programming including __________________ ?
Options: A: Encapsulation, B: Data hiding, C: Inheritance, D: Polymorphism
Correct Answer: E
Which operator has highest precedence?
Options: A: *, B: -, C: (), D: +
Correct Answer: C
Which function used to read and edit data file handling using structures.
Options: A: update(), B: edit(), C: write(), D: read()
Correct Answer: E
The classes how allow primitive types to be accessed as objects?
Options: A: Abstract, B: Virtual, C: Wrapper, D: Extract
Correct Answer: B
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the C++ programming language?
Options: A: Object-Oriented Programming, B: Platform Independence, C: Pointer Arithmetic, D: Multiple Inheritance
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: C++ is not platform-independent; it requires compilation for each target platform. Java, not C++, is known for platform independence ("Write Once, Run Anywhere"). C++ supports OOP, pointer arithmetic, and multiple inheritance.
What is the output of the following C++ code snippet?\nint x = 5;\nint y = x++ + ++x;\ncout << y;
Options: A: 11, B: 12, C: 13, D: Undefined Behavior
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The expression involves multiple modifications of 'x' (x++ and ++x) without a sequence point, leading to undefined behavior in C++. The result is not guaranteed and may vary across compilers.
Which C++ keyword is used to dynamically allocate memory on the heap?
Options: A: malloc, B: new, C: alloc, D: heap
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 'new' keyword in C++ is used to dynamically allocate memory on the heap. 'malloc' is a C function, while 'alloc' and 'heap' are not valid C++ keywords for this purpose.
In C++, which of the following is the correct way to declare a constant pointer to a constant integer?
Options: A: const int * const ptr = &x;, B: int * const ptr = &x;, C: const int * ptr = &x;, D: int const * ptr = &x;
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The declaration 'const int * const ptr = &x;' creates a constant pointer to a constant integer. The first 'const' ensures the integer cannot be modified, and the second 'const' ensures the pointer cannot be reassigned.
What is the purpose of the 'virtual' keyword in C++?
Options: A: To create a virtual memory space for the program, B: To enable runtime polymorphism in derived classes, C: To declare a function that cannot be overridden, D: To allocate memory dynamically
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 'virtual' keyword in C++ is used to enable runtime polymorphism. It allows a base class pointer to call the appropriate derived class function at runtime, based on the object it points to.
Which of the following C++ standard library containers is implemented as a dynamic array?
Options: A: std::list, B: std::vector, C: std::map, D: std::set
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: std::vector is implemented as a dynamic array in C++. It provides contiguous storage and allows efficient random access. std::list is a doubly-linked list, while std::map and std::set are typically implemented as balanced binary search trees.
What will be the output of the following C++ code?\n#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n int a = 10, b = 20;\n int &ref = a;\n ref = b;\n cout << a << " " << ref;\n return 0;\n}
Options: A: 10 10, B: 20 20, C: 10 20, D: 20 10
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The reference 'ref' is initially bound to 'a'. When 'ref = b;' is executed, the value of 'a' is changed to 20 (since 'ref' is an alias for 'a'). Thus, both 'a' and 'ref' output 20.
Which of the following is NOT a valid C++ access specifier?
Options: A: public, B: private, C: protected, D: internal
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: C++ has three access specifiers: public, private, and protected. 'internal' is not a valid access specifier in C++ (though it exists in some other languages like C#).
What is the correct way to define a pure virtual function in C++?
Options: A: virtual void func() = 0;, B: virtual void func() { }, C: void virtual func() = 0;, D: void func() virtual = 0;
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A pure virtual function in C++ is declared by assigning 0 to the function declaration, as in 'virtual void func() = 0;'. This makes the function abstract, requiring derived classes to provide an implementation.
In C++, which header file must be included to use the 'cout' and 'cin' objects?
Options: A: <iostream.h>, B: <stdio.h>, C: <iostream>, D: <console>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The '' header file must be included to use 'cout' and 'cin' in C++. '' is an older, non-standard form, while '' is for C-style I/O, and '' is not a valid header.
Python is a ____________________ programming language.
Options: A: low-level, B: high-level, C: machine-level, D: All of above
Correct Answer: B
Python was created by Guido van Rossum during __________________.
Options: A: 1985- 1990, B: 1985- 1992, C: 1988- 1991, D: 1990- 1995
Correct Answer: A
Python uses _______________ frequently where as other languages use punctuation.
Options: A: interval, B: English keywords, C: mark, D: All of above
Correct Answer: B
Python has ______________________________?
Options: A: few keywords, B: simple structure, C: clearly defined syntax, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Maximum length of a Python identifier is ________________________?
Options: A: 16, B: 32, C: 64, D: 128
Correct Answer: E
Code block indicated in Python by _________________?
Options: A: indentation, B: MIGO, C: ME21N, D: MIRO
Correct Answer: A
Which of the following is not used in Python?
Options: A: loops, B: conditions, C: pointers, D: Both A & B
Correct Answer: C
Exception are handle using ______________ in Python?
Options: A: try, B: except, C: finally , D: else
Correct Answer: E
Which of the following is not supported in Python?
Options: A: do-while loop, B: while loop, C: for loop, D: None of above
Correct Answer: A
In Python exception, which block will always be executed whether an exception is encountered or not in a program?
Options: A: try, B: except, C: finally, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
which one is a valid functions in Python?
Options: A: count(), B: append(), C: sort(), D: index()
Correct Answer: E
Extension of the Python file is _______________?
Options: A: .exe, B: .python, C: .py, D: .pyt
Correct Answer: C
The character ______________ is used to make single line comment in Python.
Options: A: //, B: $, C: /, D: !
Correct Answer: E
jQuery is a JavaScript library designed to simplify _____________________.
Options: A: event handling, B: CSS animation, C: Ajax, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
HTML stand for ________________?
Options: A: HyperText Modules Language, B: HyperText Model Language, C: HyperText Markup Language, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
HTML is a ___________________ language.
Options: A: Application, B: Programming, C: Scripting, D: Markup
Correct Answer: D
The HTML was first proposed in _______.
Options: A: 1997, B: 1990, C: 1995, D: 1995
Correct Answer: B
From the following, which tag is use to make bold text?
Options: A: <pre>, B: <strong>, C: <bold>, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
HTML file content will start with the tag __________?
Options: A: <document>, B: <head>, C: <html>, D: <body>
Correct Answer: C
Which tag is used for line-break in HTML?
Options: A: <b>, B: <break>, C: <br>, D: <brk>
Correct Answer: C
Insert an image in HTML using which of the following tag?
Options: A: <image>, B: <imgs>, C: <images>, D: <img>
Correct Answer: D
Which HTML tag is used to define the structure of an HTML document and contains the <head> and <body> sections?
Options: A: <html>, B: <document>, C: <doctype>, D: <structure>
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The tag is the root element of an HTML document and encapsulates all other HTML elements, including the and sections. It defines the document as an HTML document.
Which attribute is used to specify the source URL of an image in HTML?
Options: A: link, B: src, C: href, D: url
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 'src' attribute is used in the tag to specify the path or URL of the image to be displayed. It stands for 'source' and is mandatory for the tag to function.
Which HTML tag is used to create a hyperlink?
Options: A: <link>, B: <a>, C: <href>, D: <nav>
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The tag, also known as the anchor tag, is used to create hyperlinks in HTML. The 'href' attribute within this tag specifies the destination URL.
What does the <meta> tag in HTML primarily do?
Options: A: Defines the main content of the webpage, B: Provides metadata about the HTML document, such as character set, description, and keywords, C: Creates a navigation menu, D: Embeds multimedia content
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The tag is used to provide metadata about the HTML document, such as character encoding, page description, keywords, author, and viewport settings. This metadata is not displayed on the page but is used by browsers and search engines.
Which of the following is NOT a valid HTML5 semantic element?
Options: A: <article>, B: <section>, C: <div>, D: <header>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: While is a valid HTML element, it is not a semantic element. Semantic elements like , , and clearly describe their meaning to both the browser and developer, improving readability and SEO.
In HTML, which attribute is used to specify that an input field must be filled out before submitting the form?
Options: A: validate, B: required, C: mandatory, D: placeholder
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 'required' attribute is a boolean attribute that, when present, specifies that an input field must be filled out before the form can be submitted. It is widely supported in modern browsers.
Which HTML tag is used to define inline styles for an element?
Options: A: <style>, B: <css>, C: <script>, D: <design>
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The tag is used to define internal CSS styles for an HTML document. However, for inline styles (applied to a single element), the 'style' attribute is used within the HTML element itself.
What is the correct way to comment out a section of HTML code?
Options: A: // This is a comment, B: /* This is a comment */, C: <!-- This is a comment -->, D: <comment> This is a comment </comment>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: HTML comments are written using the syntax . This syntax is used to add notes or explanations within the HTML code without being displayed in the browser.
Which of the following HTML5 elements is specifically designed for representing a self-contained composition that could be independently distributed or reused?
Options: A: <section>, B: <div>, C: <article>, D: <aside>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The element in HTML5 is used to represent a self-contained composition, such as a blog post, news article, or forum post, that could be independently distributed or reused. It is a semantic element that helps define the structure of the content.
In HTML, which attribute of the <input> tag is used to specify the type of input control to display, such as text, password, or checkbox?
Options: A: name, B: type, C: id, D: value
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 'type' attribute of the tag specifies the type of input control to display. Examples include 'text' for single-line text input, 'password' for password fields, 'checkbox' for checkboxes, and 'radio' for radio buttons.
Which HTML tag is used to define the structure of an HTML document?
Options: A: <html>, B: <head>, C: <body>, D: <doctype>
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The tag is the root element of an HTML document and defines the entire structure. It contains all other HTML elements except the declaration, which is not a tag but a document type declaration.
What does the <meta> tag in HTML primarily do?
Options: A: Defines the main content of the webpage, B: Provides metadata about the HTML document, such as charset, viewport, or description, C: Creates a hyperlink to another webpage, D: Embeds an image in the webpage
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as character encoding, viewport settings, and descriptions for search engines. It is placed within the section and does not display any content on the page.
Which attribute is used to specify the URL of the page the link goes to in an <a> tag?
Options: A: src, B: href, C: link, D: url
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The href attribute in the (anchor) tag specifies the URL of the page the link points to. It stands for "hypertext reference" and is essential for creating clickable links in HTML.
What is the purpose of the <alt> attribute in the <img> tag?
Options: A: Specifies the alignment of the image, B: Defines the alternative text for an image if it cannot be displayed, C: Sets the height of the image, D: Links the image to another webpage
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The alt attribute in the tag provides alternative text for an image if it cannot be displayed. This text is also used by screen readers for accessibility and by search engines for indexing.
Which HTML5 element is used to represent a section of a document that contains independent, self-contained content?
Options: A: <div>, B: <section>, C: <article>, D: <aside>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The element in HTML5 is used to represent a self-contained composition in a document, such as a blog post, news article, or forum post. It is semantically meaningful and helps in structuring the content properly.
Which of the following is NOT a valid HTML5 semantic element?
Options: A: <header>, B: <footer>, C: <main>, D: <container>
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: is not a valid HTML5 semantic element. HTML5 introduced semantic elements like , , , , , and to improve the structure and readability of web pages.
How do you create a numbered list in HTML?
Options: A: <ul>, B: <ol>, C: <list>, D: <dl>
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The (ordered list) tag is used to create a numbered list in HTML. Each list item is defined using the tag. The tag creates an unordered (bulleted) list, while is for description lists.
Which attribute is used to make an input field required in an HTML form?
Options: A: validate, B: required, C: mandatory, D: necessary
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The required attribute in HTML is a boolean attribute that, when present, specifies that the input field must be filled out before submitting the form. It is part of HTML5 form validation.
What is the correct way to insert a line break in HTML?
Options: A: <break>, B: <lb>, C: <br>, D: <newline>
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The tag is used to insert a line break in HTML. It is an empty tag, meaning it does not require a closing tag. The other options are not valid HTML tags.
Which of the following HTML tags is used to embed a video in a webpage?
Options: A: <video>, B: <media>, C: <movie>, D: <embed>
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The tag in HTML5 is used to embed video content in a webpage. It supports multiple video formats and allows controls like play, pause, and volume. The tag can also embed videos but is more generic and less semantic.
CSS is the acronym for ___________________?
Options: A: Cascading Style System, B: Cascading Style Sheet, C: Cascading System Sheet, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
Which one of the following support the use of CSS ____________________?
Options: A: XHTML, B: plain XML, C: SVG, D: XUL
Correct Answer: E
What font size does h1 tag generate?
Options: A: 1em, B: 1.5em, C: 2em, D: 2.5em
Correct Answer: C
For defining a style for a unique element we use selector ___________________?
Options: A: class, B: id, C: name, D: datatype
Correct Answer: B
Can we define the text direction using css?
Options: A: Yes, B: No, C: , D:
Correct Answer: A
If we want to show an Pointer as mouse cursor, then which value we will use ?
Options: A: wait, B: progress, C: pointer, D: cell
Correct Answer: C
To link css file in html, which tag will be use?
Options: A: css, B: src, C: style, D: link
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is the primary purpose of the CSS "box model"?
Options: A: To define the layout of elements in terms of margins, borders, padding, and content, B: To create animations and transitions for web elements, C: To manage the color schemes and typography of a webpage, D: To handle user interactions like clicks and hovers
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The CSS box model describes how every element on a webpage is represented as a rectangular box, consisting of content, padding, border, and margin. It is fundamental for controlling the spacing and layout of elements.
In CSS, which property is used to change the text color of an element?
Options: A: text-color, B: color, C: font-color, D: text-style
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The "color" property in CSS is used to set the text color of an element. The other options are not valid CSS properties for this purpose.
What does the CSS selector "div > p" target?
Options: A: All <p> elements that are direct children of a <div>, B: All <p> elements inside a <div>, regardless of nesting level, C: All <div> elements that contain a <p>, D: The first <p> element inside a <div>
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The child combinator (>) in CSS selects all elements that are direct children of the specified parent. Thus, "div > p" targets only elements that are immediate children of a .
Which CSS property is used to create space between the border and the content of an element?
Options: A: margin, B: border-spacing, C: padding, D: gap
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The "padding" property in CSS adds space between the content of an element and its border. Margins create space outside the border, while border-spacing and gap are used for different purposes.
What is the correct syntax to apply a linear gradient as a background in CSS?
Options: A: background: linear-gradient(to right, red, blue);, B: background: gradient(linear, red, blue);, C: background: linear-gradient(red, blue);, D: background: gradient(red to blue);
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct syntax for a linear gradient in CSS is "linear-gradient()" with parameters specifying direction (e.g., "to right") and color stops (e.g., red, blue). The other options are not valid CSS syntax.
Which of the following CSS properties is used to control the transparency of an element?
Options: A: opacity, B: visibility, C: transparency, D: alpha
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The "opacity" property in CSS sets the transparency level of an element, where 1 is fully opaque and 0 is fully transparent. The other options are either invalid or serve different purposes.
In CSS, what does the "z-index" property control?
Options: A: The order of elements along the z-axis (stacking order), B: The horizontal positioning of an element, C: The vertical positioning of an element, D: The rotation of an element in 3D space
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The "z-index" property in CSS determines the stacking order of positioned elements. Elements with a higher z-index appear in front of those with a lower z-index.
Which CSS pseudo-class is used to style an element when the mouse pointer hovers over it?
Options: A: :active, B: :hover, C: :focus, D: :visited
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ":hover" pseudo-class in CSS is used to apply styles to an element when the user hovers over it with the mouse pointer. The other options are for different states (e.g., active, focus, visited).
What is the purpose of the CSS "flexbox" layout model?
Options: A: To create complex grid layouts with rows and columns, B: To align and distribute items within a container, even when their size is unknown or dynamic, C: To animate elements along a predefined path, D: To control the spacing between inline elements
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Flexbox is a CSS layout model designed for one-dimensional content distribution, allowing flexible alignment and distribution of items within a container, even with dynamic or unknown sizes. It is not primarily for grids, animations, or inline spacing.
Which of the following is NOT a valid value for the CSS "display" property?
Options: A: block, B: inline, C: flex, D: static
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: "static" is a value for the "position" property in CSS, not the "display" property. Valid values for "display" include "block", "inline", "flex", "grid", etc.
CGI programs stands for _________________?
Options: A: Common Gateway Interface Programs, B: Communication Gateway Interface Programs, C: Common Gateway international Programs, D: Common Gate Interface Programs
Correct Answer: A
The Microsoft developed a version of JavaScript for their Internet Explorer browser called ____________________.
Options: A: LiveScript, B: ExpScript, C: JScript, D: ExplorerScript
Correct Answer: C
In JavaScript, ++ Operator is used for _________________ ?
Options: A: Decrement, B: Increment, C: Negation, D: Addition
Correct Answer: B
Operator Negation (-) is used for __________________?
Options: A: Convert negative to pasitive, B: Convert positive to negative, C: Convert positive to vice versa, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
The intiger with operator 4++ means in javascript __________________
Options: A: decrees 4 by 1 so it becomes 5, B: increase 4 by 2 so it becomes 6, C: increase 4 by 1 so it becomes 5, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
The JavaScript code total += price have same results as __________________?
Options: A: total ++, B: total = total + price, C: total --, D: total=price
Correct Answer: B
The 5 * = 3 can be thought of as meaning ______________________?
Options: A: 5 multiplied by 3, B: 5 becomes equal 3 multiplied by 3, C: 5 becomes equal to 15 multiplied by 3, D: 5 becomes equal to itself multiplied by 3
Correct Answer: D
DOM stands for ______________ ?
Options: A: Development Object Model, B: Document Object Modules, C: Document Object Model, D: Document Object Modulation
Correct Answer: C
jQuery was originally created in ______________ at BarCamp NYC by John Resig.
Options: A: January 2006, B: January 2010, C: January 2000, D: January 2007
Correct Answer: A
jQuery was originally licensed under the CC BY-SA 2.5, and relicensed to the MIT license in __________.
Options: A: 2008, B: 2006, C: 2005, D: 2004
Correct Answer: B
jQuery includes the feature ___________________ ?
Options: A: Events, B: Effects and animations, C: JSON parsing, D: Extensibility through plug-ins
Correct Answer: E
Function of jQuery _______________________ ?
Options: A: dynamic utility functions, B: static utility functions, C: jQuery object methods, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
jQuery object methods typically also return a jQuery ________, which enables the use of method chains.
Options: A: class, B: object, C: instance, D: None of above
Correct Answer: B
PHP opening tag are _____________ ?
Options: A: <?php, B: <?=, C: , D:
Correct Answer: A
Tables, keys, and relationships are the three core components of a _____________.
Options: A: Distributed Database, B: Relational Database, C: NoSQL Database, D: Cloud Database
Correct Answer: B
In relational databases, rows represent individual __________ in a table where columns represent their __________.
Options: A: entities, attributes, B: entities, field, C: relationship, attributes, D: entities, entities
Correct Answer: A
Keys _____________ are one of the key concepts of what makes relational databases work.
Options: A: condidate, B: super key, C: primary, D: foreign
Correct Answer: E
The level of database implementation _______________________ .
Options: A: Internal Level, B: Physical level, C: Conceptual Level, D: External Level
Correct Answer: E
The rows of tables in a relationship are generally termed as _____________.
Options: A: Fields, B: Tuples, C: Attributes, D: Relation
Correct Answer: B
The columns or fields of a table is termed as ____________.
Options: A: Touples, B: Relation, C: Attributes, D: Degree
Correct Answer: C
The number of tuples or rows in a relation is termed as _____________________ .
Options: A: Cardinality, B: Attributes, C: Records, D: Touples
Correct Answer: A
A relational database's component(s) are __________?
Options: A: Tables, B: Relationships, C: Keys, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
In database, ____________ are used to organize the most closely related data together.
Options: A: Rows, B: Tables, C: Trees, D: Relations
Correct Answer: B
The information are stored in a ____________ format in database.
Options: A: link, B: column, C: row, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
___________ is a unique identification of rows in the table.
Options: A: Relations, B: Columns, C: Keys, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
Columns in database are also known as _________,
Options: A: attributes, B: records, C: entries, D: tuples
Correct Answer: A
Rows in database are also known as _________,
Options: A: records, B: entries, C: tuples, D: All of above
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is NOT a property of a relational database?
Options: A: Atomicity, B: Isolation, C: Hierarchy, D: Durability
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Relational databases follow ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability). Hierarchy is a feature of hierarchical databases, not relational ones. Relational databases organize data in tables, not hierarchical structures.
In SQL, which command is used to remove a table from the database permanently?
Options: A: DELETE TABLE, B: DROP TABLE, C: REMOVE TABLE, D: TRUNCATE TABLE
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The DROP TABLE command is used to remove a table and its data permanently from the database. DELETE is used to remove rows, TRUNCATE removes all rows but keeps the table structure, and REMOVE TABLE is not a valid SQL command.
Which normalization form ensures that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key?
Options: A: 1NF, B: 2NF, C: 3NF, D: BCNF
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that the table is in 1NF and all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key (not just part of it). This eliminates partial dependencies.
What is the primary purpose of an index in a database?
Options: A: To enforce referential integrity, B: To increase the storage capacity of the database, C: To speed up data retrieval operations, D: To encrypt sensitive data
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: An index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table. It works like a book index, allowing the database engine to find data quickly without scanning the entire table.
Which of the following is a type of join that returns all rows from the left table and matched rows from the right table, with NULL for unmatched rows?
Options: A: INNER JOIN, B: LEFT JOIN, C: RIGHT JOIN, D: FULL JOIN
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN) returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table. If no match is found in the right table, NULL values are returned for right table columns.
In database transactions, what does the term 'ACID' stand for?
Options: A: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability, B: Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Data, C: Access, Control, Integrity, Data, D: Atomicity, Control, Isolation, Data
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: ACID is an acronym for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These are the four properties that guarantee reliable processing of database transactions, ensuring data integrity.
Which SQL clause is used to filter groups created by the GROUP BY clause?
Options: A: WHERE, B: HAVING, C: FILTER, D: SELECT
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups after the GROUP BY clause has been applied. The WHERE clause filters rows before grouping, while HAVING filters aggregated results.
What is a view in a database?
Options: A: A physical table that stores data permanently, B: A virtual table based on the result of a SQL query, C: A temporary table created during a session, D: A backup of a table
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A view is a virtual table in a database that is defined by a SQL query. It does not store data physically but dynamically retrieves data from one or more underlying tables whenever the view is queried.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of denormalization?
Options: A: Increased data redundancy, B: Slower read operations, C: Simplified schema design, D: Reduced storage requirements
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Denormalization involves adding redundant data to a database to improve read performance. However, this leads to increased data redundancy, which can cause inconsistencies and require more storage space.
In a database, what is the purpose of a foreign key?
Options: A: To uniquely identify a row in a table, B: To enforce referential integrity between tables, C: To index a column for faster searches, D: To encrypt data in a column
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A foreign key is a column or a set of columns in a table that references the primary key of another table. It enforces referential integrity, ensuring that relationships between tables remain consistent.
Which of the following is NOT a property of ACID in DBMS?
Options: A: Atomicity, B: Consistency, C: Durability, D: Distributivity
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These are the four key properties that ensure reliable transactions in a database. Distributivity is not part of ACID; it relates to distributed database systems.
In SQL, which command is used to add a new column to an existing table?
Options: A: ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, B: UPDATE TABLE ... ADD, C: MODIFY TABLE ... INSERT, D: INSERT COLUMN ... INTO
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The ALTER TABLE command with the ADD COLUMN clause is the correct syntax to add a new column to an existing table in SQL. The other options are syntactically incorrect or do not exist in standard SQL.
Which normalization form eliminates transitive dependencies?
Options: A: First Normal Form (1NF), B: Second Normal Form (2NF), C: Third Normal Form (3NF), D: Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates transitive dependencies, where a non-prime attribute depends on another non-prime attribute. 1NF deals with atomic values, 2NF removes partial dependencies, and BCNF is a stricter version of 3NF.
What is the primary purpose of an index in a database?
Options: A: To enforce referential integrity, B: To improve the speed of data retrieval operations, C: To store metadata about the database, D: To encrypt sensitive data
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An index in a database is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table. It works similarly to an index in a book, allowing the database engine to find data more quickly without scanning the entire table.
Which of the following is a type of join that returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table?
Options: A: INNER JOIN, B: LEFT JOIN, C: RIGHT JOIN, D: FULL JOIN
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN) returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table. If there is no match, the result is NULL on the right side. INNER JOIN returns only matched rows, RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table, and FULL JOIN returns all rows from both tables.
In DBMS, what does the term "view" refer to?
Options: A: A physical table stored in the database, B: A virtual table based on the result of a SQL query, C: A temporary table created during a transaction, D: A backup of a table
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A view in DBMS is a virtual table based on the result of a SQL query. It does not store data physically but provides a way to simplify complex queries, enhance security, or present data in a specific format.
Which of the following is used to ensure that a column in one table matches a column in another table?
Options: A: Primary Key, B: Foreign Key, C: Unique Constraint, D: Check Constraint
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A Foreign Key is a column or a set of columns in a table that references the Primary Key of another table. It is used to enforce referential integrity, ensuring that the value in the Foreign Key column matches a value in the referenced table's Primary Key column.
What is the main difference between a clustered and a non-clustered index?
Options: A: A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, while a non-clustered index does not, B: A non-clustered index is faster than a clustered index, C: A clustered index can only be created on one column, while a non-clustered index can be created on multiple columns, D: A non-clustered index is stored in a separate file, while a clustered index is stored with the table
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, meaning the rows are stored in the order of the index. A non-clustered index does not affect the physical order of data; instead, it is a separate structure that points to the data. Only one clustered index can exist per table, but multiple non-clustered indexes can exist.
Which SQL command is used to remove all rows from a table without deleting the table structure?
Options: A: DELETE FROM table_name, B: TRUNCATE TABLE table_name, C: DROP TABLE table_name, D: REMOVE FROM table_name
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The TRUNCATE TABLE command is used to remove all rows from a table without deleting the table structure, indexes, or constraints. It is faster than DELETE because it does not log individual row deletions. DROP TABLE removes the entire table structure, and REMOVE FROM is not a valid SQL command.
In the context of database transactions, what does the term "Isolation" refer to?
Options: A: Ensuring that transactions are executed in a specific order, B: Ensuring that concurrent execution of transactions leaves the database in the same state as if they were executed sequentially, C: Preventing unauthorized access to the database, D: Storing transaction logs for recovery purposes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Isolation in database transactions refers to the property that ensures concurrent execution of transactions leaves the database in the same state as if the transactions were executed sequentially. This prevents issues like dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, and phantom reads.
RDBMS stands for __________________?
Options: A: rational database management system, B: relational database mango system, C: relational database management system, D: relational database management support
Correct Answer: C
PDO works on _____________ different database systems, whereas MySQLi works only with MySQL databases.
Options: A: 12, B: 14, C: 8, D: 10
Correct Answer: A
MySQL is _____________________?
Options: A: a scripting language, B: a programming language, C: a mathematic language, D: a relational database management system
Correct Answer: D
SQL stands for __________________?
Options: A: Sorting Query Language, B: Structured Queue Language, C: Structured Query Language, D: Structure Query Language
Correct Answer: C
Which of the following is not use as a keyword in MYSQL?
Options: A: right(), B: left(), C: bottom(), D: trim()
Correct Answer: C
To sorting rows in MySQL, which of the following function is used?
Options: A: ORDER BY, B: SORT BY, C: SORTING BY, D: ARRANGE BY
Correct Answer: A
The maximum length of char data type in MySQL is ___________________?
Options: A: 128 bytes, B: 255 bytes, C: 556 bytes, D: 64 bytes
Correct Answer: B
Which command is used to create a new database in MySQL?
Options: A: CREATE DATABASE, B: MAKE DATABASE, C: NEW DATABASE, D: ADD DATABASE
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The CREATE DATABASE command is the standard SQL syntax for creating a new database in MySQL. The other options are not valid MySQL commands.
Which data type in MySQL is used to store large text data, such as articles or long descriptions?
Options: A: VARCHAR, B: TEXT, C: CHAR, D: LONGTEXT
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: LONGTEXT is the appropriate data type for storing very large text data (up to 4GB). While TEXT can store up to 64KB, LONGTEXT is better suited for extremely large content like articles.
What is the purpose of the PRIMARY KEY constraint in a MySQL table?
Options: A: To allow duplicate values in a column, B: To uniquely identify each record in a table, C: To enforce a foreign key relationship, D: To sort the table by a specific column
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A PRIMARY KEY uniquely identifies each record in a table and cannot contain NULL values. It ensures that no duplicate or null entries exist in the column(s) marked as primary key.
Which MySQL function is used to count the number of rows in a table?
Options: A: SUM(), B: COUNT(), C: TOTAL(), D: LENGTH()
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The COUNT() function returns the number of rows that match a specified criterion. It is commonly used in aggregate queries to determine the total number of rows or non-NULL values.
Which of the following is NOT a valid MySQL storage engine?
Options: A: InnoDB, B: MyISAM, C: Memory, D: PostgreSQL
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: PostgreSQL is a separate relational database management system, not a MySQL storage engine. InnoDB, MyISAM, and Memory (HEAP) are valid MySQL storage engines.
What does the following MySQL query do? SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000;
Options: A: Selects all employees with a salary of exactly 50000 or 100000, B: Selects all employees with a salary greater than 50000 and less than 100000, C: Selects all employees with a salary between 50000 and 100000, inclusive, D: Selects all employees with a salary not equal to 50000 or 100000
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The BETWEEN operator in MySQL is inclusive, meaning it selects values that are greater than or equal to the first value and less than or equal to the second value.
Which command is used to add a new column to an existing MySQL table?
Options: A: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;, B: UPDATE TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;, C: MODIFY TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;, D: INSERT COLUMN table_name ADD column_name datatype;
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The ALTER TABLE command with the ADD keyword is used to add a new column to an existing table. The other options are not valid MySQL syntax.
What is the output of the following MySQL query? SELECT 5 + NULL;
Options: A: 5, B: NULL, C: 0, D: Error
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In MySQL, any arithmetic operation involving NULL results in NULL. This is because NULL represents an unknown or missing value, and operations with unknown values yield unknown results.
Which MySQL clause is used to filter groups created by the GROUP BY clause?
Options: A: WHERE, B: HAVING, C: FILTER, D: LIMIT
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups after the GROUP BY clause has been applied. The WHERE clause filters rows before grouping, while HAVING filters groups after aggregation.
In MySQL, what is the default port number used for client-server communication?
Options: A: 1433, B: 3306, C: 1521, D: 5432
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: MySQL uses port 3306 by default for client-server communication. Port 1433 is used by Microsoft SQL Server, 1521 by Oracle, and 5432 by PostgreSQL.
The first Microsoft SQL Server product released in _________________?
Options: A: 1990, B: 1989, C: 1980, D: 1985
Correct Answer: B
_______________ is Microsoft's proprietary procedural language extension for SQL Server.
Options: A: Native Client Server, B: SQL CLR, C: Transact SQL, D: None of above
Correct Answer: C
Microsoft SQL Server _______ includes a component called SQL Common Language Runtime which integrates with .NET Framework.
Options: A: 2005, B: 2008, C: 2003, D: 2006
Correct Answer: A
SSAS stands for _______________-?
Options: A: SQL System Analysis Services, B: SQL Support Analysis Services, C: SQL Server Analog Services, D: SQL Server Analysis Services
Correct Answer: D
To change Storage Characteristics of a table, ___________ command used?
Options: A: modify table, B: trancuate table, C: alter table, D: change table
Correct Answer: C
MS SQL Server is a _________________?
Options: A: Relational database, B: Personal database, C: Centralised database, D: Distributed database
Correct Answer: A
To developed MS SQL, which of the following programming language used ?
Options: A: Python, B: C, C: C++, D: Both B & C
Correct Answer: D
Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: INT, B: VARCHAR, C: BOOLEAN, D: DATETIME
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: MS SQL Server does not have a native BOOLEAN data type. Instead, it uses BIT, where 1 represents true and 0 represents false. INT, VARCHAR, and DATETIME are all valid data types in MS SQL Server.
What is the purpose of the PRIMARY KEY constraint in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: To allow duplicate values in a column, B: To uniquely identify each record in a table and prevent NULL values, C: To create an index on a column for faster data retrieval, D: To enforce referential integrity between tables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a table and ensures that no NULL values are allowed in the column(s) defined as the primary key. While it does create an index, this is a secondary effect, not its primary purpose.
Which T-SQL command is used to add a new column to an existing table in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, B: ADD COLUMN TO TABLE, C: MODIFY TABLE ... ADD, D: UPDATE TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct syntax to add a new column to an existing table in MS SQL Server is ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype. The other options are not valid T-SQL commands.
What does the following MS SQL Server query return? SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees WHERE Salary IS NULL;
Options: A: The number of employees with a NULL salary, B: The total number of employees in the table, C: An error because NULL cannot be compared with = or !=, D: 0, because NULL values are not counted
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The query counts the number of rows where the Salary column is NULL. In SQL, NULL represents missing or unknown data, and IS NULL is the correct operator to check for NULL values. The query will return the count of such rows.
Which of the following is a transaction control command in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: COMMIT, B: SELECT, C: INSERT, D: UPDATE
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: COMMIT is a transaction control command used to save all changes made during the current transaction. SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE are Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands, not transaction control commands.
What is the output of the following query in MS SQL Server? SELECT 5 / 2;
Options: A: 2.5, B: 2, C: 3, D: 2.0
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In MS SQL Server, when dividing two integers, the result is also an integer (integer division). Thus, 5 / 2 results in 2, not 2.5. To get a decimal result, at least one of the operands must be a decimal or float.
Which of the following is used to create a stored procedure in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: CREATE PROCEDURE, B: CREATE FUNCTION, C: CREATE VIEW, D: CREATE TRIGGER
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct syntax to create a stored procedure in MS SQL Server is CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name. Stored procedures are precompiled collections of SQL statements stored under a name and processed as a unit.
What is the purpose of the WITH (NOLOCK) hint in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: To prevent any locks from being placed on the table during a query, B: To allow dirty reads by ignoring locks and reading uncommitted data, C: To lock the entire table for exclusive access, D: To ensure that the query runs with the highest priority
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The WITH (NOLOCK) hint allows a query to read data without being blocked by locks, which can result in dirty reads (reading uncommitted or intermediate data). This is often used to improve performance in read-only queries where absolute accuracy is not critical.
Which of the following functions in MS SQL Server returns the current date and time?
Options: A: GETDATE(), B: NOW(), C: CURRENT_DATE(), D: SYSDATE()
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: GETDATE() is the correct function in MS SQL Server to return the current date and time. NOW() is used in MySQL, CURRENT_DATE() returns only the date, and SYSDATE() is used in Oracle.
What is the difference between INNER JOIN and LEFT JOIN in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: INNER JOIN returns all rows from both tables, while LEFT JOIN returns only matching rows, B: INNER JOIN returns only matching rows from both tables, while LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table, C: INNER JOIN is faster than LEFT JOIN in all cases, D: LEFT JOIN is used for updating data, while INNER JOIN is used for selecting data
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An INNER JOIN returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables. A LEFT JOIN (or LEFT OUTER JOIN) returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table. If no match is found, NULL values are returned for the right table columns.
Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: INT, B: VARCHAR, C: BOOLEAN, D: DATETIME
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: MS SQL Server does not have a native BOOLEAN data type. Instead, it uses BIT (0 or 1) to represent boolean values. INT, VARCHAR, and DATETIME are all valid data types in MS SQL Server.
What is the purpose of the PRIMARY KEY constraint in a table?
Options: A: To allow duplicate values in a column, B: To uniquely identify each record in a table, C: To enforce a referential integrity between tables, D: To sort the data in ascending order automatically
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a table. It must contain unique values and cannot contain NULL values. While it can be used in referential integrity (foreign keys), its primary purpose is uniqueness.
Which T-SQL command is used to add a new column to an existing table?
Options: A: ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, B: INSERT COLUMN ... INTO TABLE, C: UPDATE TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, D: MODIFY TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct syntax to add a new column to an existing table in MS SQL Server is ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype. The other options are not valid T-SQL commands.
What does the following query do? SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000;
Options: A: Returns the total number of employees in the Employees table, B: Returns the number of employees with a salary greater than 50000, C: Returns the list of employees with a salary greater than 50000, D: Returns the average salary of employees earning more than 50000
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The query uses the COUNT(*) function with a WHERE clause to count the number of rows (employees) where the Salary column value is greater than 50000. It does not return a list or calculate an average.
Which of the following is used to create a stored procedure in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ... END, B: DEFINE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ... END, C: MAKE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ... END, D: DECLARE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ... END
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The correct syntax to create a stored procedure in MS SQL Server is CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ... END. Stored procedures are precompiled collections of SQL statements stored under a name.
What is the output of the following query? SELECT 5 + NULL;
Options: A: 5, B: NULL, C: 0, D: Error
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In MS SQL Server, any arithmetic operation involving NULL results in NULL. This is because NULL represents an unknown or missing value, and the result of an operation with an unknown value is also unknown.
Which of the following is a transaction control command in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: SELECT, B: COMMIT, C: GROUP BY, D: JOIN
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: COMMIT is a transaction control command used to save all changes made during the current transaction. Other transaction control commands include ROLLBACK and BEGIN TRANSACTION. SELECT, GROUP BY, and JOIN are not transaction control commands.
What is the purpose of the HAVING clause in a SQL query?
Options: A: To filter rows before grouping, B: To filter groups after grouping, C: To sort the result set, D: To join two or more tables
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups after the GROUP BY clause has been applied. Unlike the WHERE clause, which filters rows before grouping, HAVING filters the aggregated results.
Which of the following is NOT a valid isolation level in MS SQL Server?
Options: A: READ UNCOMMITTED, B: READ COMMITTED, C: REPEATABLE READ, D: SERIALIZABLE COMMIT
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: MS SQL Server supports the following isolation levels: READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE, and SNAPSHOT. SERIALIZABLE COMMIT is not a valid isolation level.
What does the following query do? SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Name LIKE 'A%';
Options: A: Returns all employees whose names start with the letter 'A', B: Returns all employees whose names end with the letter 'A', C: Returns all employees whose names contain the letter 'A', D: Returns all employees whose names are exactly 'A'
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The LIKE operator with the pattern 'A%' matches any string that starts with the letter 'A'. The % symbol is a wildcard that represents zero or more characters. Thus, the query returns all employees whose names begin with 'A'.
A record in a MongoDB collection is basically called a _____________.
Options: A: row, B: column, C: document, D: field
Correct Answer: C
what is a size of _id in bits?
Options: A: 6, B: 10, C: 12, D: 8
Correct Answer: C
To get all the indexes on a collection which of the following command is used ?
Options: A: db.collection.findIndexes(), B: db.collection.fetchIndexes(), C: db.collection.getIndexes(), D: db.collection.showIndexes()
Correct Answer: C
The format of MongoDB represents in which of the following document structure?
Options: A: XML, B: BSON, C: TXT, D: JSON
Correct Answer: B
MongoDB was release in __________________?
Options: A: 2005, B: 2007, C: 2008, D: 2009
Correct Answer: D
When we concatenation the database name and collection name is called __________________?
Options: A: Schema, B: Namespace, C: Record, D: Field
Correct Answer: B
Related documents is a group of a _____________ in MongoDB.
Options: A: collection, B: record, C: fields, D: Schema
Correct Answer: A
MongoDB is classified as which type of database system?
Options: A: Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), B: NoSQL Database, C: Graph Database, D: Object-Oriented Database
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: MongoDB is a popular NoSQL database, specifically a document-oriented database. Unlike RDBMS, it does not use tables and rows but stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. This allows for a more agile and scalable approach to data management.
In MongoDB, data is stored in flexible, schema-less structures known as:
Options: A: Tables, B: Rows, C: Documents, D: Columns
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: MongoDB stores data in BSON (Binary JSON) documents. These documents are analogous to rows in a relational database but offer much greater flexibility, as they can have varying fields and structures within the same collection.
What is the primary format MongoDB uses to store its documents internally?
Options: A: XML, B: SQL, C: BSON, D: CSV
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: BSON stands for Binary JSON. It's a binary-encoded serialization of JSON-like documents that MongoDB uses for efficient storage and transmission of data. BSON extends JSON with additional data types like Date and BinData.
Which MongoDB feature provides high availability and data redundancy by maintaining multiple copies of data across different servers?
Options: A: Sharding, B: Indexing, C: Replication, D: Aggregation Framework
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Replication in MongoDB is achieved through replica sets, which consist of multiple MongoDB instances. One instance is the primary, and others are secondaries. If the primary fails, a secondary is automatically elected as the new primary, ensuring continuous operation and data redundancy.
To achieve horizontal scaling by distributing data across multiple machines, MongoDB employs a technique called:
Options: A: Replication, B: Sharding, C: Transactions, D: Normalization
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sharding is MongoDB's method for distributing data across multiple machines (shards). It allows MongoDB to handle large datasets and high throughput operations by horizontally scaling the database, improving performance and capacity.
Which of the following MongoDB operations is used to retrieve documents from a collection based on specified query criteria?
Options: A: insertOne(), B: updateOne(), C: find(), D: deleteOne()
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The `find()` method in MongoDB is used to query a collection for documents that match specific criteria. It returns a cursor to the matching documents, which can then be iterated to retrieve the results.
What is the primary purpose of creating an index in MongoDB?
Options: A: To enforce a strict schema for documents., B: To speed up query performance by reducing the number of documents MongoDB must scan., C: To define relationships between different collections., D: To store metadata about the collection itself.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Indexes in MongoDB are special data structures that store a small portion of the collection's data in an easy-to-traverse form. They significantly improve the efficiency of read operations by allowing MongoDB to quickly locate documents without scanning every document in a collection.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding MongoDB's document model?
Options: A: It is schema-less, allowing documents in a collection to have different fields., B: It supports embedding documents and arrays to represent complex relationships., C: It enforces a fixed schema for all documents within a collection., D: It allows for flexible and agile development.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: MongoDB is known for its flexible, schema-less (or schema-on-read) document model. This means that documents within the same collection do not need to have the same set of fields, nor do they need to have the same data types for common fields, which contradicts enforcing a fixed schema.
Every document in a MongoDB collection automatically has a unique `_id` field. What is its primary function?
Options: A: To store the creation timestamp of the document., B: To define the primary key for joins with other collections., C: To uniquely identify each document within the collection., D: To specify the version of the document.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The `_id` field is a special field in MongoDB that acts as the primary key for each document. It must be unique within a collection and is automatically generated as an ObjectId if not explicitly provided by the user.
To add a single new document into a MongoDB collection, which method is most commonly used?
Options: A: db.collection.add(), B: db.collection.create(), C: db.collection.insertOne(), D: db.collection.save()
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The `insertOne()` method is the standard way to insert a single new document into a MongoDB collection. It returns a document containing the `_id` of the newly inserted document. While `save()` can also insert, `insertOne()` is more explicit and generally preferred for new insertions.